PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Ismail, Nurul Iman Wan () The role of mesolimbic system and lateral habenular molecular targets (CB₁, GluA₁ and NK₁ receptors) in mitragyna speciosa korth (ketum) addiction in the mitragynine-sensitised swiss albino mice. PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia Most of them are native speakers and PhD holders able to take care of any assignment you need help with. k. original pages written. Each paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in (Abbas & Y aqoob, ). According to Lee, et-al, (), in a study titled ―The effects of internal marketing, job satisfaction and service attitude on job performance among high -tech has
Welcome to Repository@USM - USM Research and Publication
Abbas is also a member of the Fatah party and was elected chairman in Abbas was elected on 9 January to serve as President of the Palestinian National Authority until 15 Januarybut extended his term until the next election inciting the PLO constitution, and on 16 December was voted into office indefinitely by the PLO Central Council.
As a result, Fatah's main rival, Hamasinitially announced that it would not recognize the extension or view Abbas as the rightful president. Abbas served as the first prime minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to September Mahmoud Abbas was born on 15 November [13] in Safedin the Galilee region of Mandatory Palestine now Israel. Abbas later entered graduate studies at the Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow, where he earned a Candidate of Sciences degree [15] [16] the Soviet equivalent of a PhD.
His doctoral dissertation was " The Other Side: The Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism ". He is married to Amina Abbas and they had three sons. The eldest, Mazen Abbas, ran a building company in Doha and died in Qatar of a heart attack in at the age of Abbas has eight grandchildren, six of whom are part of the Seeds of Peace initiative bringing them in touch with young Israelis.
In the mids, Abbas became heavily involved in underground Palestinian politics, joining a number of exiled Palestinians in Qatar, where he was Director of Personnel in the emirate's Civil Service. While there inhe was recruited to become a member of Fatahfounded by Yasser Arafat and five other Palestinians in Kuwait in the late s.
According to Abu Daoudpart of the funds raised by Abbas were used, without the latter's knowledge, mahmoud abbas phd thesis, to implement the Munich massacre. In a interview, mahmoud abbas phd thesis, he recalled, "[ Abbas has performed diplomatic duties, presenting a moderating contrast to the PLO's "revolutionary" policies. In the Oslo I AccordAbbas was the signatory for the PLO on 13 September He published a memoir, Through Secret Channels: The Road to Oslo Inhe and Israeli negotiator Yossi Beilin wrote the Beilin—Abu Mazen agreementwhich was meant to be the framework for a future Israeli—Palestinian peace deal.
It emerged in September that Abbas may have once worked for the KGBas early as in Damascus, according to a document uncovered in the Mitrokhin Archivewhere he is registered as agent "Krotov".
Palestinian officials replied that at the time in question, the PLO collaborated with Moscow, mahmoud abbas phd thesis that Abbas was their liaison man in the Palestinian-Soviet friendship foundation. By earlymahmoud abbas phd thesis, as Israel and the United States refused to negotiate with Yasser Arafat, it was thought that Abbas would be a candidate for the kind of leadership role envisaged by both countries.
As one of the few remaining founding members of Fatah, he had some degree of credibility within the Palestinian cause, and his candidacy was bolstered by the fact that other high-profile Palestinians were for various reasons not suitable the most notable, Marwan Barghoutiwas a prisoner in Israeli jail after having been convicted on charges of being responsible mahmoud abbas phd thesis multiple murders by an Israeli court.
Abbas's reputation as a pragmatist garnered him mahmoud abbas phd thesis with the West and some members of the Palestinian legislature. Under international pressure, on 19 MarchArafat appointed Abbas Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. According to Gilbert Achcarthe United States imposed Abbas on Arafat, the democratically elected leader, though the majority of Palestinians thought of the former as a Quisling.
A struggle for power between Arafat and Abbas ensued. The United States and Israel accused Mahmoud abbas phd thesis of undermining Abbas and his government. Abbas hinted he would resign if not given more control over the administration, mahmoud abbas phd thesis.
In early Septemberhe confronted the Palestinian parliament over this issue. Abbas came into conflict with Palestinian militant groupsnotably the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement and Hamas because his pragmatic policies were opposed to their hard-line approach.
Initially, he pledged not to use force against the militants in the interest of avoiding a civil war, and attempted negotiation.
This was partially successful, resulting in a pledge from the two groups to honor a unilateral Palestinian cease-fire. However, continuing violence and Israeli "targeted killings" of known leaders forced Abbas to pledge a crackdown in order to uphold the Palestinian Authority's side of the Road map for peace. Mahmoud abbas phd thesis led to a power struggle with Arafat over control of the Palestinian Security Services ; Arafat refused to release control to Abbas, thus preventing him from using them on the militants.
Abbas resigned as prime minister in Septemberciting lack of support from Israel and the United States as well as "internal incitement" against his government. After Yasser Arafat's death, Abbas was seen, at least by Fatah, as his natural successor. On 25 NovemberAbbas was endorsed by Fatah's Revolutionary Council as its preferred candidate for the presidential electionscheduled for 9 January On 14 December, Abbas called for an end to violence in the Second Intifada and a return to peaceful resistance.
Abbas told the Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper that "the use of arms has been damaging and should end. In his speech, he mahmoud abbas phd thesis a crowd of supporters chanting "a million shahids ", stating: "I present this victory to the soul of Yasser Arafat and present it to our people, to our martyrs and to 11, prisoners ". He also called for Palestinian groups to end the use of arms against Israelis. Despite Abbas's call for a peaceful solution, attacks by militant groups continued after his election, in a direct challenge to his authority.
The Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine launched a raid in Gaza on 12 Januarythat killed one and wounded three Israeli military personnel.
On 8 FebruaryMahmoud abbas phd thesis met with Mahmoud abbas phd thesis Prime Minister Ariel Sharon at the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit to end the Second Intifadaand they both reaffirmed their commitment to the Roadmap for peace process.
Sharon also agreed to release Palestinian prisoners of the 7, being held at the time, [34] and to withdraw from West Bank towns. On 9 AugustAbbas announced that legislative electionsoriginally scheduled for 17 Julywould take place in January On 20 August, he set the elections for 25 January.
On 16 Januaryin the context of Fatah's election loss and Hamas' presumed future one party government, Abbas said that he would not run for office again at the end of his term. He extended his term for another year, using another interpretation of the Basic Law and the Election Law, so he could align the next presidential and parliamentary elections. Pointing to the Palestinian constitution, Hamas disputed the validity of mahmoud abbas phd thesis move, and considered Abbas's term to have ended, in which case Abdel Aziz DuwaikSpeaker of the Palestinian Legislative Councilwould have become acting president.
On 16 Decemberthe leadership of the Palestinian Central Council announced an indefinite extension of Abbas's term as president. Since then, Abbas has remained president of the Fatah-controlled areas of the Palestinian territories. He announced his resignation as leader of the PLO on 22 August There are frequent allegations that officials of the Palestinian Authorityincluding Abbas, have systematically embezzled public funds.
Abbas's mentor and mahmoud abbas phd thesis, Yasser Arafatwas accused of embezzling billions of dollars of Palestinian money. Fatah leaders were accused of siphoning funds from ministry budgets, passing out patronage jobs, accepting favors and gifts from suppliers and contractors.
The source for specific allegations against Abbas was one of Arafat's most trusted aides, Mohammed Rashid, accused by the PA of embezzling hundreds of millions of dollars, who threatened to expose corruption scandals in the Palestinian Authority. For many years, Rashid served as Arafat's financial advisor and was given a free hand to handle hundreds of millions of dollars that were poured on the Palestinian Authority and the PLO by US, EU and Arab donors.
On 10 JulyAbbas and his sons were attacked, in the US Congress, for their alleged corruption. The debate was entitled Chronic Kleptocracy: Corruption Within the Palestinian Political Establishment [46] In his testimony before the House Committee on Foreign AffairsSubcommittee on Middle East and South Asia, Elliott Abrams stated that "Corruption is an insidious destroyer not only of Palestinian public finance but of faith in the entire political system.
And it has certainly had an impact on potential donors, mahmoud abbas phd thesis. I can tell you from my own experience, as an American official seeking financial assistance for the PA from Gulf Arab governments, that I was often told "why should we give them money when their officials will just steal it? The conspicuous wealth of Abbas's own sons, mahmoud abbas phd thesis, Yasser and Tarek, mahmoud abbas phd thesis, has been noted in Palestinian society since at leastwhen Reuters first published a series of articles tying the sons to several business deals, including a few that had U.
taxpayer support. They include monopolies on American made cigarettes sold in the territories; USAid funding; public works projects, such as road and school construction, on behalf of the Palestinian Authority and special preferences for retail enterprises. It was strongly implied that the sons lineage was the main credential in receiving these contracts. It seems every statement will be challenged, mahmoud abbas phd thesis, in a jury trial, if the court accepts jurisdiction.
Abbas accused Schanzer of acting with malice and pursuing an agenda against the brothers, even though he also contended that he's a private citizen and not a public figure, so we wouldn't need to prove actual malice to win. Some analysts believed the Abbas family would not proceed with the case as it would allow Foreign Policy and Schanzer to dig in too deep into the PA's secret finances and records.
In September,mahmoud abbas phd thesis, U. District Judge Emmet Sullivan dismissed the suit using D. Sullivan determined the lawsuit intended to censor, intimidate, and mahmoud abbas phd thesis critics by burdening them with the mahmoud abbas phd thesis of a legal defense until they abandoned their criticisms or opposition. On 23 Januarymahmoud abbas phd thesis, Israeli radio reported that Abbas had secured a thirty-day ceasefire from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
On 12 February, lone Palestinians attacked Israel settlements and Abbas quickly fired some of his security officers for not stopping the attacks during the ceasefire.
On 9 AprilAbbas said that the killing of three Palestinians in southern Gaza by Israeli soldiers was a deliberate violation of the declared ceasefire deal. Abbas made the statement shortly after mahmoud abbas phd thesis Palestinian teenage boys were shot dead by Israeli troops in the southern Gaza town of Rafah.
Israel claimed they thought the boys were attempting to smuggle weapons, while Palestinians claimed a mahmoud abbas phd thesis of boys were playing soccer and three of them went to retrieve the ball near the border fence. On 25 Julyhe announced that he would move his office to Gaza until the complete withdrawal of Israeli troops in order to coordinate the Palestinian side of the withdrawal, mediating between the different factions.
Efraim Sneha former minister in the Israeli cabinethas called Abbas the most "courageous partner we have had, mahmoud abbas phd thesis. Sneh reported that he immediately conveyed the substance of their meeting to the prime minister's office, but was told that the prime minister had no interest in the matter. Despite this, Sneh mentions that the Annapolis Conference convened a year and a half later, and that in SeptemberPrime Minister Olmert and Abbas came to understandings that would lead to an actual agreement.
On 2 MarchAbbas stated he was suspending peace talks with Israel, while Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert vowed to press on with military operations against militants who have been launching home-made rockets into southern Israel.
On 20 May Abbas said he would resign from his office if the current round of peace talks had not yielded an agreement in principle "within six months", mahmoud abbas phd thesis. He also said that the current negotiations were, in effect, deadlocked: "So far, we have not reached an agreement on any issue.
Any report indicating otherwise is simply not true. In SeptemberOlmert had presented him with a map that delineated the borders of the proposed PA state, for which Israel would annex 6, mahmoud abbas phd thesis. He said that Olmert did not give a map of the proposal and that he could not sign without seeing the proposal.
Abbas also said that he was not an expert on maps and pointed to Olmert's corruption investigation he was later convicted. InAbbas floated the idea of accepting a two-state solution which outlined Palestine as existing within the borders with a capital in East Jerusalem.
In an interview with Israeli Channel 2 TV, Abbas said, "It is my right to see [the Israeli city of Safed ], but not to live there, mahmoud abbas phd thesis. According to an International Crisis Group report, most Israeli officials "do not see [Abbas] as a peace partner but consider mahmoud abbas phd thesis a nonthreatening, violence-abhorring, strategic asset.
On 23 JuneAbbas repeated to the European Parliament a false press report that rabbis in Israel were calling for Palestinian wells to be poisoned. On 25 MayAbbas gave Hamas a ten-day deadline to accept the ceasefire lines. On 2 JuneAbbas again announced that if Hamas did not approve the prisoners' document —which calls for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict according to the borders—within two days, he would present the initiative as a referendum.
This deadline was subsequently extended until 10 June Hamas spokesmen stated that their stance would not change, and that Abbas is not constitutionally permitted to call a referendum, especially so soon after the January elections.
Abbas warned Hamas on 8 Octoberthat he would call new legislative elections if it did not accept a coalition government. To recognize Israel was a condition he has presented for a coalition. But it was not clear if Abbas had the power to call new elections.
Palestinians protest against Mahmoud Abbas after activist’s death - Newsfeed
, time: 1:17How to Write an Email to a Potential Ph.D. Advisor/Professor - The Professor Is In
(Abbas & Y aqoob, ). According to Lee, et-al, (), in a study titled ―The effects of internal marketing, job satisfaction and service attitude on job performance among high -tech has Dissertations & Theses from Krishnan, Ankita () Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder Through a Cultural Lens: Perspectives, Stigma, and Cultural Values among Asians. Suzuki, Takakuni () Quantifying the Relations among Neurophysiological Responses, Dimensional Psychopathology, and Personality Traits. Dissertations & Theses from PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Ismail, Nurul Iman Wan () The role of mesolimbic system and lateral habenular molecular targets (CB₁, GluA₁ and NK₁ receptors) in mitragyna speciosa korth (ketum) addiction in the mitragynine-sensitised swiss albino mice. PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia
No comments:
Post a Comment